With the development of the automotive industry, consumers are paying increasing attention to the refinement and personalization of automotive interior and exterior trim components. As one of the most important factors influencing the style of automotive interior and exterior trim, the texture of plastic components involves aesthetics, tactile feel, and safety, and can to a certain extent mitigate product appearance defects, thereby enhancing the quality and value of interior and exterior trim components, demonstrating their significant role in market competition.
⒈ Leather grain patterns can be classified into the following three categories based on style:
⑴ Characteristic: The shape of fingerprint units can be described in geometric or pictographic terms. Common shapes include linear, block, combined linear and block, and lychee shapes. The shape, size, direction, arrangement, and density of fingerprint units all have a significant impact on the overall style of the fingerprint.
⑵Directionality: Some leather grain patterns exhibit distinct directionality in their grain lines, as shown in Figure 2, where the grain lines follow a clear pattern. However, some leather grain patterns with regular unit characteristics do not exhibit directionality. Leather grain patterns without directionality are less common in automotive leather.
⑶Layering: The patterns on leather are mostly three-dimensional grain patterns, which exhibit layering. At the microscopic level, these grain patterns consist of 2 to 5 layers with different depth values in the depth direction. At the macroscopic level, the leather surface features a full and rounded grain, with rich and undulating layers and natural transitions between features, creating a visually soft and harmonious effect. These layers can be observed using a 50x magnifying glass.
⒉ Palm prints can be classified into the following three types according to their size:
⑴ Coarse leather grain: This is a simulation of real leather grain, with a texture that is close to that of real leather, relatively fine, and layered, which can enhance the overall quality of the vehicle's interior. The texture depth is generally between 80 and 150 um. Coarse leather grain is generally used as the main leather grain for car interiors, and has a strong sense of overall coordination, requiring consideration of the overall interior design of the vehicle.
⑵ Fine grain texture: This is a delicate and refined texture resembling the surface of sandstone. It involves various processing techniques, primarily sparkle patterns and sandblasted patterns. Fine grain texture is typically a single-layer texture with a depth ranging from 0 to 80 micrometers. It can be used as a standalone decorative element or combined with other textures.
⑶ Geometric grain: This is a texture that follows geometric rules. In automobiles, it mainly represents concepts such as technology, power, and trends. The texture depth is generally between 80 and 150 um. Geometric grain has a strong directionality and regularity. Using it over a large area greatly increases the difficulty of processing and results in a higher price.